Gospodarski sustav obuhvaća veliki broj kategorija i aktivnosti koje, kao glavni zadatak, moraju zadovoljiti zahtjeve i potrebe korisnika pomoću učinkovite kombinacije znanja, ideja, kapitala i tehnologije. Gospodarski subjekti gospodarskog sustava obuhvaćaju tvrtke, kao elemente usmjerene na ostvarivanje ciljeva i usmjerene na stvarne i gospodarski profitabilne tržišne afirmacije, što podrazumijeva odgovarajuće priznanje i učinkovito zadovoljenje korisničkih potreba. Gospodarski sustav u visokom je stupnju interaktivnosti s brojnim sustavima, poput sustava znanosti i tehnologije, globalnog gospodarskog sustava i socio-političkog sustava. Ekonomski sustavi imaju različite razine razvoja, različite dinamike razvoja i različite učinkovitosti rada. Cjelokupni cilj gospodarskog sustava može se predstaviti kao formacija dinamičke mreže učinkovitih poslovnih sustava, dijela gospodarskog sustava čiji rad postiže najveći mogući stupanj učinkovitosti, izražen kao omjer postignutih rezultata i razine angažmana ograničenih resursa za njegovu realizaciju. Osiguravanje i poboljšanje kvalitete rada određenog sustava zahtijeva usklađivanje širokog spektra aktivnosti unutar samog sustava, što omogućuje izražavanje poslovne sposobnosti i odražava se na razvoj gospodarskog sustava u cjelini. Poslovni sustavi imaju različite poslovne koncepte, poslovnu osjetljivost i poslovnu sposobnost, a time i različite izvore poboljšanja. Planiranje i koordinacija aktivnosti u tehnološki zahtjevnim industrijama, kao i optimizacija ulaznih podataka u svrhu postizanja željenog rezultata temelji se na potencijalu modela optimizacije, čija odgovarajuća upotreba omogućava povećanje razine razvoja sustava.
Investment policy and investing represent essential tasks, and also major issues of almost all socio-economic systems. Investment represents a development platform and is necessary for survival of market and economic systems; it comprises undertaking appropriate measures and activities to have the invested capital continuously increasing through exercising selected operations. Economic indicators, especially in the period of economic crisis, reflect unfavourable and widespread tendencies of unwanted business result that arise from inadequate business policy, where investing and investment policy may be marked as leaders in the area of business failure. Impossibility to accurately assume business results related to the investment, time disproportion between the investment and its initial, and particularly, optimal effects, and also irreversibility of the investment, further complicate the formulation of adequate investment policy strategy platform. Modelling of business strategies in the exposure to turbulent socio-economic, technological and market factors is an inspiration and a challenge to the researcher to representatively mirror the reality by selecting an adequate theoretical model. Faithful mirroring of the reality involves a subtle approach to classification of these factors by importance, level of influence, and also adequate quantifying, identifying and shaping the form, as well as the extent of their interdependence. Mathematical simulation model is a theoretical model that allows prediction of business results in the risk exposure expressed correspondently with the random component that is influencing it. The major concern of the mentioned approach is an adequate selection of the probability distribution of a random variable, customized to the investment conditions. It is necessary here to take into account empiric component of a territorial-geographic area of the investment implementation, whereby it is necessary to have insight into other aspects of distribution selection, such as experiences in the selected investment area (sectoral specificity) and adjustment to particular theoretical model. Simulation of investment effects provides an objective approach to strategic choice and adequate calculation of monetary results before operationalization of the project.
The issue of management process in all organizations with a pronounced hierarchical structure is extremely complex and equally abstract to both the participants themselves and all those who deal with the study of this topic. The management process involves decision-making based on appropriate economic analysis, experience, practice, micro and macro environment, and the ability of an individual manager to create a symbiosis based on all the knowledge that will ultimately lead to making an appropriate business decision. The aim of this paper is to build a presentation of the model, which in this case will improve the economic community and enrich the everyday work of companies. This will allow the ownership and management structures of a large number of inadequately structured and internally non-institutionalized companies to become active and passive managers of all business relations within the companies in which they operate, instead of active or passive observers. In this paper, a management model will be presented based on the data researched within five variables: quality of human resources, economic incentives, development perspectives, managerial capabilities of subordinates and business satisfaction. One of the aims of this paper is precisely to explore how these variables influence the business satisfaction of Croatian companies. The research was conducted in the territory of the Republic of Croatia, in all regions, on a representative sample, while representatives of the companies were surveyed. The answers obtained were analysed descriptively, through the regression model. It has been proven that the greatest influence on pleasure in business is influenced by managerial capacities, where beta coefficients is 0.367. Slightly less impact on the pleasure of doing business has the development of enterprises and incentives from the budget, while the smallest impact on the pleasure of doing business has human potential. The obtained beta COTA is statistically significant because the p – value < 0.05, in all four cases. The scientific contributions of this paper are reflected in a model that will serve to measure the impact of manager satisfaction on the basis of quantitative parameters and as an example of a universal model of manager satisfaction assessment.
Investicijska politika i ulaganje predstavljaju bitne zadatke, ali istovremeno i probleme gotovo svih društveno – ekonomskih sustava. Ulaganje predstavlja platformu razvoja i nužnost opstanka tržišno – ekonomskih sustava, a podrazumijeva poduzimanje odgovarajućih mjera i aktivnosti kako bi se uloženi kapital, putem odabrane djelatnosti, trajno uvećavao. Ekonomski pokazatelji, posebno u razdoblju ekonomske krize, oslikavaju nepovoljne i općeprisutne tendencije neželjenog poslovnog rezultata, proizlaze iz neodgovarajuće politike poslovanja, pri čemu investiranje i investicijsku politiku možemo označiti liderima u području poslovnih neuspjeha. Nemogućnost preciznog predviđanja poslovnih ishoda vezanih za investicijska ulaganja, vremenska disproporcija između ulaganja i njihovih početnih, a posebno optimalnih posljedica, kao i ireverzibilnost uloženih sredstava, dodatno otežavaju formulaciju odgovarajuće strategijske platforme investicijske politike. Modeliranje poslovnih strategija u uvjetima turbulentnih društveno – ekonomskih, tehnoloških, kao i tržišnih čimbenika predstavlja inspiraciju i izazov istraživaču da izborom odgovarajućeg teorijskog modela reprezentativno približi realnost. Vjerno preslikavanje realnosti podrazumijeva suptilan pristup klasifikaciji navedenih čimbenika prema važnosti, razini utjecaja, kao i odgovarajuću kvantifikaciju, prepoznavanje i uobličavanje oblika i mjere njihove međuzavisnosti. Model matematičke simulacije predstavlja teorijski model koji omogućava predviđanje poslovnih ishoda u uvjetima rizika uz njihovo iskazivanje korespondentno sa slučajnom komponentom koja na njih utječe. Ključno pitanje navedenog pristupa odnosi se na odgovarajući izbor distribucije vjerojatnosti slučajne varijable, prilagođene uvjetima ulaganja, pri čemu je potrebno uvažiti i empirijsku komponentu teritorijalno – zemljopisnog prostora na kojem se investicija realizira, a pri tome imati uvid i u druge aspekte izbora distribucije, kao što su iskustva u području odabranog područja ulaganja (granske specifičnosti) i prilagođenost određenom teorijskom modelu. Simuliranje efekata investicijskih ulaganja osigurava objektivan pristup strategijskom izboru i prikladan proračun monetarnih posljedica prije operacionalizacije projekta. ; Investment policy and investing represent essential tasks, and also major issues of almost all socio-economic systems. Investment represents a development platform and is necessary for survival of market and economic systems; it comprises undertaking appropriate measures and activities to have the invested capital continuously increasing through exercising selected operations. Economic indicators, especially in the period of economic crisis, reflect unfavourable and widespread tendencies of unwanted business result that arise from inadequate business policy, where investing and investment policy may be marked as leaders in the area of business failure. Impossibility to accurately assume business results related to the investment, time disproportion between the investment and its initial, and particularly, optimal effects, and also irreversibility of the investment, further complicate the formulation of adequate investment policy strategy platform. Modelling of business strategies in the exposure to turbulent socio-economic, technological and market factors is an inspiration and a challenge to the researcher to representatively mirror the reality by selecting an adequate theoretical model. Faithful mirroring of the reality involves a subtle approach to classification of these factors by importance, level of influence, and also adequate quantifying, identifying and shaping the form, as well as the extent of their interdependence. Mathematical simulation model is a theoretical model that allows prediction of business results in the risk exposure expressed correspondently with the random component that is influencing it. The major concern of the mentioned approach is an adequate selection of the probability distribution of a random variable, customized to the investment conditions. It is necessary here to take into account empiric component of a territorial-geographic area of the investment implementation, whereby it is necessary to have insight into other aspects of distribution selection, such as experiences in the selected investment area (sectoral specificity) and adjustment to particular theoretical model. Simulation of investment effects provides an objective approach to strategic choice and adequate calculation of monetary results before operationalization of the project.
